CHAPTER I - General provisions
Art. 281. - The object of labour jurisdiction shall be to solve labour conflicts concerning the conclusion, execution, amendment, suspension, and termination of individual or, as applicable, collective labour contracts stipulated in the present code, as well as the requests concerning the legal relationships between social partners, set forth under the present code.
Art. 282. - The following may constitute parties in a labour conflict:
a) employees, as well as any other person having a right or obligation under the present code, other laws, or the collective labour contracts;
b) employers - natural and/or legal entities -, temporary labour agents, users, as well as any other person benefiting from work carried out under the present code;
c) trade unions and employers' organisations;
d) other legal or natural entities involved in this field based on special laws or the Civil Procedure Code.
Art. 283. - (1) The petitions for the solution of a labour conflict shall be filed:
a) within 30 calendar days from the date on which the employer's unilateral decision concerning the conclusion, execution, amendment, suspension, or termination of an individual labour contract was notified;
b) within 30 calendar days from the date a decision of disciplinary sanction has been notified;
c) within 3 years from the onset date of the right to take action, if the object of an individual labour conflict should consist of the payment of not granted wages or of damages towards the employee, as well as in the event of the employees' patrimony liability towards the employer;
d) throughout the existence of a contract, if the request is made to find the nullity of an individual or collective labour contract or its clauses;
e) within 6 months from the onset date of the right to take action, in the event of the non-execution of the collective labour contract or clauses of it.
(2) In all circumstances other than the ones stipulated under paragraph (1), the delay shall be 3 years from the onset date of such right.
CHAPTER II - Material and territorial competence
Art. 284. - (1) The competence for judging labour conflicts shall belong to the courts established according to the Civil Procedure Code.
(2) The petitions concerning the causes stipulated under paragraph (1) shall be filed with the competent court having jurisdiction over the petitioner's domicile or residence or head office, as applicable.
CHAPTER III - Special procedure rules
Art. 285. - The causes stipulated under article 281 shall be exempted from the legal fee and legal stamp.
Art. 286 - (1) The petitions concerning the solution to labour conflicts shall be judged as emergencies.
(2) Trial delays shall not exceed 15 days.
(3) The procedure for parties' citation shall be deemed as lawfully accomplished if completed at least 24 hours before the trial deadline.
Art. 287. - The employer shall be responsible for providing evidence in labour conflicts, being obliged to submit evidence in his defence by the first day of trial.
Art. 288. - Evidence shall be produced under the emergency status, and the court shall be entitled to deny the benefit of the admissible evidence to the party delaying such submittal without sound grounds.
Art. 289. - Decisions rendered by the judging court shall be rightfully final and executory.
Art. 290. - The procedure for solving labour conflicts shall be regulated in a special law.
Art. 291. - The provisions of the Civil Procedure Code shall complete the provisions of the present title.
